In this guide
Applications, follow-ups and tracking
Reference checks explained: what employers ask
How reference checks work, what a former employer may be asked and can say, how to choose and brief referees, and what to do if a reference is a problem.
When references are checked
Most employers check references after making an offer that is conditional on them, though some do it earlier. The application or offer letter usually explains when and how. If you are job hunting quietly, you can ask that your current employer is not contacted until an offer is made.
What employers ask and what referees say
| Type | What it usually covers |
|---|---|
| Factual reference | Job title, dates of employment, sometimes reason for leaving |
| Character or performance reference | How you worked, strengths, reliability, whether they would re-employ you |
| Questionnaire | Set questions from the new employer, sometimes with ratings |
In Great Britain, Acas explains that an employer does not generally have to give a reference unless it has agreed to in writing or the role is in certain regulated financial services. If an employer does give one, Acas guidance is that it should be fair and accurate.
Choosing and briefing referees
Before you give someone's name
- They have seen your recent work, ideally as your manager or supervisor.
- You have asked their permission and confirmed their current contact details.
- You have told them which role you are applying for and what it involves.
- You have reminded them of two or three things you did that are relevant.
- You have thanked them, and will tell them the outcome.
If you have little work history, a teacher, tutor, volunteering organiser or someone you have done regular paid work for privately can often act as a referee. Ask the employer what they will accept.
If a reference could be a problem
- If you left on difficult terms, ask whether the employer gives factual references only; many do as a matter of policy.
- Offer an additional referee, such as another manager or a client, who can speak to your work.
- If you believe a reference was inaccurate, look at official guidance on your options before taking action.
Common questions
Can a reference say I was dismissed?
A reference can state facts, including the reason for leaving, but Acas says it should be fair and accurate. Many employers keep references factual by policy.
Do I need to list references on my resume?
Usually not. Most employers ask for referee details separately, often only at offer stage.
Sources
- Job referencesAcas · Great Britain · checked 3 October 2026
Put it into practice
See how Luceria helps with thisDrafted with AI assistance and checked against Luceria’s editorial standards. Examples are illustrative, not real people’s results. Spotted something out of date? Tell us.